RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) command is
used for installing, uninstalling, upgrading, querying, listing, and checking
RPM packages on your Linux system.
With root
privilege, you can use the rpm command with appropriate options to manage the
RPM software packages.
Let us take
an rpm of Mysql Client and run through all our examples.
1. Installing a RPM package Using rpm -ivh
RPM file name has package name, version, release and architecture name.
For
example, In the MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm file:
- MySQL-client – Package Name
- 3.23.57 – Version
- 1 – Release
- i386 – Architecture
When you
install a RPM, it checks whether your system is suitable for the software the
RPM package contains, figures out where to install the files located inside the
rpm package, installs them on your system, and adds that piece of software into
its database of installed RPM packages.
The
following rpm command installs Mysql client package.
# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]
rpm command
and options
- -i : install a package
- -v : verbose
- -h : print hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.
2. Installing a RPM package without dependency
Some time we are not able to install RPM due to dependency issue. one RPM is dependent on other. so here is solution, install RPM without checking dependency.
rpm --nodeps -ivh MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
3. Query all the RPM Packages using rpm -qa
You can use
rpm command to query all the packages installed in your system.
# rpm -qa
cdrecord-2.01-10.7.el5
bluez-libs-3.7-1.1
setarch-2.0-1.1
- -q query operation
- -a queries all installed packages
To identify
whether a particular rpm package is installed on your system, combine rpm and
grep command as shown below. Following command checks whether cdrecord package
is installed on your system.
# rpm -qa | grep 'cdrecord'
4. Query a Particular RPM Package using rpm -q
The above
example lists all currently installed package. After installation of a package
to check the installation, you can query a particular package and verify as
shown below.
# rpm -q MySQL-client
MySQL-client-3.23.57-1
# rpm -q MySQL
package MySQL is not installed
Note: To
query a package, you should specify the exact package name. If the package name
is incorrect, then rpm command will report that the package is not installed.
5. Query RPM Packages in a various format using rpm –query format
Rpm command
provides an option –query format, which allows you to give the header tag names,
to list the packages. Enclose the header tag with in {}.
# rpm -qa --queryformat '%{name-%{version}-%{release} %{size}\n'
cdrecord-2.01-10.7 12324
bluez-libs-3.7-1.1 5634
setarch-2.0-1.1 235563
6. Which RPM package does a file belong to? – Use rpm -qf
Let us say,
you have list of files and you would want to know which package owns all these
files. rpm command has options to achieve this.
The
following example shows that /usr/bin/mysqlaccess file is part of the
MySQL-client-3.23.57-1 rpm.
# rpm -qf /usr/bin/mysqlaccess
MySQL-client-3.23.57-1
- -f : file name
7. Locate documentation of a package that owns file using rpm -qdf
Use the
following to know the list of documentations, for a package that owns a file.
The following command, gives the location of all the manual pages related to
mysql package.
# rpm -qdf /usr/bin/mysqlaccess
/usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz
- -d : refers documentation.
8. Information about Installed RPM Package using rpm -qi
rpm command
provides a lot of information about an installed package using rpm -qi as shown
below:
# rpm -qi MySQL-client
Name : MySQL-client Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 3.23.57 Vendor: MySQL AB
Release : 1 Build Date: Mon 09 Jun 2003 11:08:28 PM CEST
Install Date: Mon 06 Feb 2010 03:19:16 AM PST Build Host: build.mysql.com
Group : Applications/Databases Source RPM: MySQL-3.23.57-1.src.rpm
Size : 5305109 License: GPL / LGPL
Signature : (none)
Packager : Lenz Grimmer
URL : http://www.mysql.com/
Summary : MySQL - Client
Description : This package contains the standard MySQL clients.
If you have
an RPM file that you would like to install, but want to know more information
about it before installing, you can do the following:
# rpm -qip MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
Name : MySQL-client Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 3.23.57 Vendor: MySQL AB
Release : 1 Build Date: Mon 09 Jun 2003 11:08:28 PM CEST
Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: build.mysql.com
Group : Applications/Databases Source RPM: MySQL-3.23.57-1.src.rpm
Size : 5305109 License: GPL / LGPL
Signature : (none)
Packager : Lenz Grimmer
URL : http://www.mysql.com/
Summary : MySQL - Client
Description : This package contains the standard MySQL clients.
- -i : view information about an rpm
- -p : specify a package name
9. List all the Files in a Package using rpm -qlp
To list the
content of a RPM package, use the following command, which will list out the
files without extracting into the local directory folder.
$ rpm -qlp ovpc-2.1.10.rpm
/usr/bin/mysqlaccess
/usr/bin/mysqldata
/usr/bin/mysqlperm
.
.
/usr/bin/mysqladmin
- q : query the rpm file
- l : list the files in the package
- p : specify the package name
10. List the Dependency Packages using rpm -qRP
To view the
list of packages on which this package depends,
# rpm -qRp MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
/bin/sh
/usr/bin/perl
11. Find out the state of files in a package using rpm -qsp
The
following command is to find state (installed, replaced or normal) for all the
files in a RPM package.
# rpm -qsp MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
normal /usr/bin/msql2mysql
normal /usr/bin/mysql
normal /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows
normal /usr/bin/mysqlaccess
normal /usr/bin/mysqladmin
normal /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog
normal /usr/bin/mysqlcheck
normal /usr/bin/mysqldump
normal /usr/bin/mysqlimport
normal /usr/bin/mysqlshow
normal /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
normal /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz
normal /usr/share/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz
normal /usr/share/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz
normal /usr/share/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz
12. Verify a Particular RPM Package using rpm -Vp
Verifying a
package compares information about the installed files in the package with
information about the files taken from the package metadata stored in the rpm
database. In the following command, -V is for verification and -p option is
used to specify a package name to verify.
# rpm -Vp MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
S.5....T c /usr/bin/msql2mysql
S.5....T c /usr/bin/mysql
S.5....T c /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows
S.5....T c /usr/bin/mysqlaccess
The
character in the above output denotes the following:
- S file Size differs
- M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
- 5 MD5 sum differs
- D Device major/minor number mismatch
- L readlink(2) path mismatch
- U User ownership differs
- G Group ownership differs
- T mTime differs
13. Verify a Package Owning file using rpm -Vf
The
following command verify the package which owns the given filename.
# rpm -Vf /usr/bin/mysqlaccess
S.5....T c /usr/bin/mysql
14. Upgrading a RPM Package using rpm -Uvh
Upgrading a
package is similar to installing one, but RPM automatically un-installs
existing versions of the package before installing the new one. If an old
version of the package is not found, the upgrade option will still install it.
# rpm -Uvh MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:MySQL-client ###########################################
15. Uninstalling a RPM Package using rpm -e
To remove
an installed rpm package using -e as shown below. After uninstall, you can
query using rpm -qa and verify the uninstall.
# rpm -ev MySQL-client
16. Verifying all the RPM Packages using rpm -Va
The
following command verifies all the installed packages.
# rpm -Va
S.5....T c /etc/issue
S.5....T c /etc/issue.net
S.5....T c /var/service/imap/ssl/seed
S.5....T c /home/httpd/html/horde/ingo/config/backends.php
.
.
S.5....T c /home/httpd/html/horde/ingo/config/prefs.php
S.5....T c /etc/printcap
